






| Disease | Transmitted through contaminated food and water | Transmitted through blood and body fluids. |
| Hepatitis A (HAV) | Hepatitis B (HBV) | |
| Sources of Infections |
|
|
| Who is at risk? | Young and adolescent children unexposed to infection in early childhood because of improved standards of living. Household / outside contact with and infected person can lead to infection. | Infant born to infected mother; people having sex with an infected person or multiple partners; I.V. drug users, healthcare workers & hemodialysis patients. |
| Onset of clinical disease | Usually abrupt | Usually gradual |
| Clinical symptoms last for | 6 weeks - 3 months | 6 weeks - 3 months |
| Severity | Age dependent. Symptoms more severe and common in adolescents and adults. May require hospitalization occasionally and in some cases, may lead to death. 10% of cases may relapse. | Age dependent and occasionally severe. May lead to chronic carrier stage. Can also develop into fulminant hepatitis. |
| Signs and Symptoms | Light stools, dark urine, fatigue, fever and jaundice. | Carriers may have no symptoms. some people may have mild flu like symptoms, dark urine, light stools, jaundice, fatigue and fever. |
| Treatment | No effective treatment. | Interferon is effective in certain select cases. |
| Prevention | Yes, Vaccine
available. Immunoglobulin available. |
Yes, Vaccine
available. Immunoglobulin available. |
| Other preventive measures | Maintain personal hygiene. Eat well cooked food (steaming may not be enough). Drink boiled water. Ensure proper sewage disposal. | Safe sex. Clean up any infected blood with bleach and wear protective gloves. Do not share razors or toothbrushes. |
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